{
  "meta": {
    "title": "Employment-population ratio, ages 16-19, United States, annual averages",
    "unit": "percent of civilian noninstitutional population aged 16-19 that is employed",
    "series_id": "LNU02300012",
    "series_note": "BLS publishes official annual averages (period M13) on the not-seasonally-adjusted series LNU02300012. Its seasonally adjusted counterpart LNS12300012 is monthly only and has no official annual average; the two measure the same concept, and seasonal adjustment does not change an annual average materially.",
    "companion_series_id": "LNS12300012",
    "latest_monthly_sa": {
      "series_id": "LNS12300012",
      "period": "2026-09",
      "value": 31.7
    },
    "source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey (Labor Force Statistics), LN database",
    "source_urls": [
      "https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln/ln.data.1.AllData",
      "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNU02300012",
      "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12300012"
    ],
    "retrieved": "2026-10-11",
    "coverage": "1975-2025",
    "caveats": [
      "2025 annual average is an 11-month average; October 2025 data were not collected because of the federal government shutdown (BLS footnote 11).",
      "CPS population controls are revised periodically, which can create small breaks between years."
    ]
  },
  "data": [
    {
      "year": 1975,
      "value": 43.3
    },
    {
      "year": 1976,
      "value": 44.2
    },
    {
      "year": 1977,
      "value": 46.1
    },
    {
      "year": 1978,
      "value": 48.3
    },
    {
      "year": 1979,
      "value": 48.5
    },
    {
      "year": 1980,
      "value": 46.6
    },
    {
      "year": 1981,
      "value": 44.6
    },
    {
      "year": 1982,
      "value": 41.5
    },
    {
      "year": 1983,
      "value": 41.5
    },
    {
      "year": 1984,
      "value": 43.7
    },
    {
      "year": 1985,
      "value": 44.4
    },
    {
      "year": 1986,
      "value": 44.6
    },
    {
      "year": 1987,
      "value": 45.5
    },
    {
      "year": 1988,
      "value": 46.8
    },
    {
      "year": 1989,
      "value": 47.5
    },
    {
      "year": 1990,
      "value": 45.3
    },
    {
      "year": 1991,
      "value": 42.0
    },
    {
      "year": 1992,
      "value": 41.0
    },
    {
      "year": 1993,
      "value": 41.7
    },
    {
      "year": 1994,
      "value": 43.4
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "value": 44.2
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "value": 43.5
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "value": 43.4
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "value": 45.1
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "value": 44.7
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "value": 45.2
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "value": 42.3
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "value": 39.6
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "value": 36.8
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "value": 36.4
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "value": 36.5
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "value": 36.9
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "value": 34.8
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "value": 32.6
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "value": 28.4
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "value": 25.9
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "value": 25.8
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "value": 26.1
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "value": 26.6
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "value": 27.3
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "value": 28.5
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "value": 29.7
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "value": 30.3
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "value": 30.6
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "value": 30.9
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "value": 28.3
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "value": 32.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "value": 32.8
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "value": 32.8
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "value": 32.2
    },
    {
      "year": 2025,
      "value": 31.1,
      "note": "11-month average; October 2025 not collected (federal government shutdown)"
    }
  ],
  "federal_minimum_wage_increases": {
    "source": "U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division, 'Changes in Basic Minimum Wages in Non-Farm Employment Under Federal Law, 1938-2009'",
    "source_url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/minimum-wage/history/chart",
    "retrieved": "2026-10-11",
    "note": "Rates for workers covered by the original 1938 Act (from 1978, all covered nonexempt workers). Federal rate unchanged at $7.25 since 2009-07-24.",
    "increases": [
      {
        "date": "1975-01-01",
        "rate": 2.1
      },
      {
        "date": "1976-01-01",
        "rate": 2.3
      },
      {
        "date": "1978-01-01",
        "rate": 2.65
      },
      {
        "date": "1979-01-01",
        "rate": 2.9
      },
      {
        "date": "1980-01-01",
        "rate": 3.1
      },
      {
        "date": "1981-01-01",
        "rate": 3.35
      },
      {
        "date": "1990-04-01",
        "rate": 3.8
      },
      {
        "date": "1991-04-01",
        "rate": 4.25
      },
      {
        "date": "1996-10-01",
        "rate": 4.75
      },
      {
        "date": "1997-09-01",
        "rate": 5.15
      },
      {
        "date": "2007-07-24",
        "rate": 5.85
      },
      {
        "date": "2008-07-24",
        "rate": 6.55
      },
      {
        "date": "2009-07-24",
        "rate": 7.25
      }
    ]
  },
  "recessions": {
    "source": "National Bureau of Economic Research, US Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions (peak to trough, by month)",
    "source_url": "https://www.nber.org/research/business-cycle-dating",
    "periods": [
      {
        "peak": "1980-01",
        "trough": "1980-07"
      },
      {
        "peak": "1981-07",
        "trough": "1982-11"
      },
      {
        "peak": "1990-07",
        "trough": "1991-03"
      },
      {
        "peak": "2001-03",
        "trough": "2001-11"
      },
      {
        "peak": "2007-12",
        "trough": "2009-06"
      },
      {
        "peak": "2020-02",
        "trough": "2020-04"
      }
    ]
  }
}